Diana Grigore (franceza)

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Domenii : medical, economic, comercial, tehnic, juridic, marketing, resurse umane, religios

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Exerciţiul 2 (English, Français, Español)

English

This is Gaza (by Amira Hass)

Haaretz 27-11-08

If it's not the power getting cut, leaving entire neighborhoods in
darkness, then it's the water not reaching the top floors or the cooking gas
running out. If you have an electric generator, some small part of it is bound
to be broken and unfixable, because even before the hermetic three-week siege,
Israel prohibited bringing in any spare parts for cars, machines and household
electric appliances.

And if you somehow manage to find the money for a generator that was smuggled
through the tunnels (its price has doubled or tripled since last month),
it's at the expense of buying a heater (not electric, of course), English
lessons, clothes for the children and visits to the doctor.

This is Gaza in November 2008. Just as Gaza is the emptying of the United
Nations Relief and Works Agency storehouses and the farmers who sowed and
watered, but cannot market, their tomatoes, guavas and strawberries out of the
Gaza Strip because Israel forbids it, it is also the calmness with which people
receive the sudden darkness and the jokes that there is not much food in the
refrigerator to spoil anyway.

Gaza is the ability to tell jokes in any situation, and the burning insult of
having no running water for three or four days. And yet, the children go clean
and neat to school.

Gaza is the long Nasser Street which has been blocked to traffic for over a
year. Its asphalt is torn out and it is riddled with potholes and mounds of
sand. When Israel forbade bringing any construction materials and raw materials
into the strip, the renovation work stopped on this thoroughfare, the main
access to three hospitals, which are always in danger of equipment failure if
some part breaks down.

But Gaza is also parents leaving their children alone at home, without fear, or
letting them go to a playground far from home, or go by themselves to their
grandmother in the Jabaliya refugee camp (in the streets parallel to Nasser
Street).

Gaza is reports of policemen attacking Fatah supporters at a university, or the
police closing a restaurant for one night because its owners didn't report
in advance about a symposium that was held in the restaurant's hall, in
which Hamas speakers participated and was organized by a research center
associated with Ramallah authorities.

Gaza is the teacher who forces school girls to cover their heads, although
senior officials assert that this is not the education ministry's policy. It
is exaggerations and false rumors, and it is also the Fatah detainees'
report that cameras were installed in the interrogation room to ensure that the
interrogators act within the boundaries of the law. It is the surprise when
"Hamas" police restore stolen property, even before it has been
reported stolen.

Gaza is the feeling among Fatah supporters that the power has been stolen from
them, and their fear of the security apparatus, as it is Hamas' self
confidence. It is the comparisons made with the intimidation methods in Yasser
Arafat's era and exchanging information about the suppression of Hamas
activity in the West Bank.

Gaza is the anger of the entire public, including Fatah members, for what
appears to be Ramallah's deliberate neglect and indifference toward the
strip and its residents' fate.

Gaza is those dreaming to leave it, and those who left years ago for school and
work and miss it. Gaza is the people who cannot return to their families here,
because even if they could find a crack and enter through the border crossings
blocked by Israel, they would remain imprisoned here, and would have to renounce
their freedom of movement and choice completely.

Everything is so intense here.

"We measure our lives in minutes, not in days or weeks," a Fatah man
said. His life has been turned upside down since June 2007, and is turned upside
down every day due to the political rupture. He was referring to Fatah men like
himself, convinced that Hamas people in the West Bank also "measure their
lives in minutes."

But his description suits everyone. The changes are so sudden, violent, swift
and frequent that the individual has no control over them - whether it is high
politics or laundry times.

Gaza is people's constant attempt to cling to a normal life, although
Israel foists on them abnormal terms of imprisonment, isolation from the rest of
the world and deterioration to a state of humiliating dependence on
international charity.


Français

Gaza, c’est cela (par Amira Hass)

Quand ce n’est pas une coupure d'électricité qui laisse des quartiers entiers dans l'obscurité, c'est l'eau qui n'arrive pas en haut des étages ou la bouteille de gaz butane qui se termine. Si tu as un générateur électrique, une de ces petites pièces mécaniques ne tardera pas à se casser de façon irréparable parce qu’avant-même que ne commence le siège hermétique de trois semaines, Israël avait interdit l'entrée dans la bande de toute espèce de rechange pour voitures, machines et appareils électroménagers.

Et si, de quelque manière que ce soit, tu obtiens l'argent pour acheter un des générateurs passé par la contrebande à travers le tunnel (son prix a été doublé ou triplé dans le dernier mois), c’est au prix de ne pas pouvoir payer le fourneau (pas électrique, bien sûr), les cours d'Anglais, les vêtements pour les enfants et les visites chez le médecin.

Gaza c’est cela, en novembre 2008. Gaza, c’est vider les magasins de l'Agence de Nations Unies pour les réfugiés en Palestine et ce sont aussi les agriculteurs qui ont semé et arrosé leurs tomates, des goyaves et des fraises mais qu’ils ne peuvent pas commercialiser hors de la bande parce qu'Israël l'interdit. Gaza, c’est aussi le calme avec lequel les gens acceptent l'obscurité soudaine et les plaisanteries sur le peu de nourriture qui reste dans le réfrigérateur et qui va se perdre.

Gaza, c’est la capacité de raconter des blagues en toute situation, et l'insulte enflammée de ne pas avoir d'eau courante durant trois ou quatre jours. Et malgré cela, les enfants vont propres et corrects au collège.

Gaza, c’est la longue rue Nasser, dont le trafic reste paralysé depuis plus d’un an. L'asphalte est usé, criblé de nids de poules et couvert de monticules de sable. Lorsqu’Israël avait interdit l'entrée de matériel de construction et des matières premières dans la bande, les ouvrages ont été interrompus dans cette rue publique, principal accès aux trois hôpitaux, qui sont toujours sous la menace d'une défaillance de l’équipe médicale si une pièce cesse de fonctionner.

Mais Gaza, c’est aussi les pères qui n’ont pas peur de laisser leurs enfants seuls à la maison, ou leur permettre d'aller jouer dans un parc qui se trouve loin ou d’aller seuls visiter leur grand-mère dans le camp de réfugiés de Jabaliya (dans les rues parallèles à la rue Nasser).

Gaza, se sont les plaintes pour les attaques de policiers contre des sympathisants du Fatah à l'université, ou la fermeture d'un restaurant, encore par la police, parce que ses propriétaires n'ont pas informé suffisamment à l’avance qu’un symposium y serait organisé par un centre de recherche associé aux autorités de Ramala, auquel participent des rapporteurs du Hamas.

Gaza, c’est l'enseignant qui oblige les filles à se couvrir la tête dans le collège, malgré que des fonctionnaires supérieurs soutiennent que ce n'est pas la politique du ministère de l'Éducation. Gaza, c’est l’exagération et les faux bruits, c’est aussi l’information des prisonniers du Fatah sur les caméras installées dans les commissariats pour assurer que les interrogatoires se réalisent dans les limites légales. C'est aussi la surprise quand la police du Hamas restitue les objets volés, avant-même la plainte du vol.

Gaza, c’est la sensation entre sympathisants du Fatah qu’on leur a volé le pouvoir et leur peur au système de sécurité, et que le Hamas n’a confiance qu’en lui-même. Ce sont les comparaisons entre les méthodes d'intimidation à l'époque de Yasser Arafat et l'échange d'information sur la suppression de l'activité du Hamas en Cisjordanie.

Gaza, c’est la colère du peuple, y compris les membres du Fatah, parce qu’il apparaît que la bande et le destin de ses habitants sont un abandon et une indifférence délibérés de Ramala.

Gaza, ce sont des gens qui rêvent de partir et des gens qui sont partis au collège ou au travail depuis des années et ne sont pas revenus. Gaza, ce sont des gens qui ne peuvent pas revenir avec leur famille parce que même si elle trouvait une faille par laquelle elle pouvait traverser la frontière fermée par Israël, elle serait prisonnière à l’intérieur et devrait entièrement renoncer à sa liberté de mouvement et de choix.

Ici tout y est très intense.

« Nous mesurons nos vies en minutes, pas en jours ni en semaines », a dit un sympathisant du Fatah. Sa vie est bouleversée depuis juin 2007 et chaque jour elle est perturbée par la rupture à la politique. Il se référait à des sympathisants du Fatah comme lui, convaincu que les gens du Hamas en Cisjordanie « mesurent aussi leur vie en minutes ».

Mais sa description vaut également pour tous les autres. Les changements sont tellement soudains, tellement violents, tellement vertigineux et tellement fréquents que l'individu ne peut pas les contrôler, qu'il s'agisse de politique de haut niveau ou de l'heure à laquelle il faut faire la lessive.

Gaza c’est un peuple qui tente constamment de se saisir d’une vie normale, même si Israël l’accable de conditions d’enfermement anormales, d’isolement du reste du monde et de détérioration jusqu'à un état humiliant de dépendance de la solidarité internationale.


Español

Esto es Gaza (Amira Hass)

Cuando no es un corte de electricidad, que deja barrios enteros en la oscuridad, es el agua, que no llega a los pisos de arriba o el butano, que se acaba. Si tienes un generador eléctrico, alguna pieza pequeña del mismo acabará por romperse tarde o temprano de manera irreparable porque incluso antes de que comenzara el hermético sitio de tres semanas, Israel prohibió la entrada en la franja de cualquier repuesto de coches, máquinas y electrodomésticos.

Y si, de algún modo, consigues dinero para comprar uno de los generadores que ha traído el contrabando a través del túnel (su precio se ha duplicado o triplicado en el último mes), es a costa de no pagar la estufa (eléctrica no, claro), las clases de inglés, la ropa para los niños y las visitas al médico.

Esto es Gaza en noviembre de 2008. Y Gaza es vaciar los almacenes de la Agencia de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados en Palestina y también son los agricultores que sembraron y regaron sus tomates, guayabas y fresas pero no pueden comercializarlos fuera de la franja porque Israel lo prohíbe. Gaza también es la calma con la que la gente acepta la oscuridad repentina y las bromas sobre la poca comida que queda en el frigorífico para echarse a perder.

Gaza es la habilidad de contar chistes en cualquier situación, y el insulto inflamado por no tener agua corriente durante tres o cuatro días. Y aun así, los niños van limpios y arreglados al colegio.

Gaza es la larga calle Nasser, cuyo tráfico permanece cortado desde hace más de un año. El asfalto está gastado, acribillado de baches y cubierto de montículos de arena. Cuando Israel prohibió la entrada de material de construcción y materias primas en la franja, las obras se interrumpieron en esta vía pública, principal acceso a tres hospitales, que están siempre bajo la amenaza de un fallo del equipo médico si una pieza deja de funcionar.

Pero Gaza también son los padres que dejan a sus hijos solos en casa, sin miedo, o que les permiten ir a jugar a un parque que está lejos o ir solos a visitar a su abuela al campo de refugiados de Jabaliya (en las calles paralelas a la calle Nasser).

Gaza son las denuncias por el ataque de unos policías a unos simpatizantes de Fatah en la universidad, o el cierre de un restaurante, también por parte de la policía, porque sus propietarios no informaron con suficiente antelación del simposio que tendría lugar en el mismo, organizado por un centro de investigación asociado a las autoridades de Ramala y en el que participaban ponentes de Hamas.

Gaza es el maestro que en el colegio obliga a las niñas a cubrirse la cabeza, a pesar de que funcionarios superiores sostienen que esa no es la política del ministerio de educación. Gaza es exageración y rumores falsos, y también es el informe de los detenidos de Fatah sobre las cámaras instaladas en las comisarías para asegurar que los interrogatorios se producen dentro de los límites legales. Es también la sorpresa cuando la policía de Hamas devuelve bienes robados, incluso antes de que el robo se denuncie.

Gaza es la sensación entre los simpatizantes de Fatah de que les han robado el poder y su miedo al sistema de seguridad, y también es la confianza en sí misma de Hamas. Son las comparaciones entre los métodos de intimidación en la época de Yasser Arafat y el intercambio de información sobre la supresión de la actividad de Hamas en Cisjordania.

Gaza es la ira del pueblo, incluyendo a los miembros de Fatah, por lo que parecen un abandono y una indiferencia deliberados de Ramala hacia la franja y el destino de sus habitantes.

Gaza es gente que sueña con irse y gente que se fue al colegio o al trabajo hace años y no volvió. Gaza es gente que no puede regresar con su familia porque incluso si encontrara una grieta por la que poder cruzar la frontera cerrada por Israel, sería encarcelada aquí y tendría que renunciar a su libertad de movimiento y elección por completo.

Todo aquí es muy intenso.

“Medimos nuestras vidas en minutos, no en días ni semanas”, dijo un simpatizante de Fatah. Su vida está patas arriba desde junio de 2007 y cada día la vuelve a perturbar la ruptura política. Se refería a simpatizantes de Fatah como él, convencido de que la gente de Hamas en Cisjordania también “mide su vida en minutos”.
Pero su descripción se ajusta también a todos los demás. Los cambios son tan repentinos, tan violentos, tan vertiginosos y tan frecuentes que el individuo no puede controlarlos, ya se trate de alta política o de la hora a la que hacer la colada.

Gaza es el intento constante de un pueblo de aferrarse a una vida normal, aunque Israel le endose condiciones anormales de reclusión, aislamiento del resto del mundo y deterioro hasta un estado humillante de dependencia de la beneficencia internacional.

Engleza juridică (I)

Common law

As distinguished from statutory law created by the enactment of legislatures, the common law comprises the body of those principles and rules of action, relating to the government and security of persons and property, which derive their authority solely from usages and customs of immemorial antiquity, or from the judgements and decrees of the courts recognising, affirming and enforcing such usages and customs; and, in this sense, particularly the ancient unwritten law of England. In general, it is a body of law that develops and derives through judicial decisions, as distinguished from legislative enactments.

(Walker, David – 1980, The Oxford Companion to Law, OUP).

Traducere propusă:

Legile nescrise

Diferite de jurisprudenţa scrisă creată prin activitatea legislaturilor, legile nescrise cuprind corpul acelor principii şi reguli de acţiune, referitoare la guvernare şi securitatea persoanelor şi a proprietăţii, care-şi trag autoritatea doar din obiceiuri şi cutume din vechimea imemorială, sau din sentinţe şi hotărâri judecătoreşti ale curţilor care au recunoscut, afirmat şi întărit asemenea obiceiuri şi cutume. În acest sens, este vorba mai ales despre vechile legi nescrise ale Angliei. În general, este vorba despre un corp de legi care se dezvoltă şi derivă prin decizii judiciare, diferite de textele legislative.

Aurelia Popa (engleza, rusa, germana)

Traducator autorizat de Ministerul Justitiei

Efectuez traduceri din engleza, rusa si germana.

Contact:
Adresa - Str. A, no.11, Ovidiu, 905900,
Jud. Constanta, Romania
Tel. - +40 0746253541
e-mail - aureliapopa@gmail.com

Am experienta in urmatoarele domenii:
- general (literatura, protectia mediului, geografie)
- tehnic (ind. navala, motoare, utilaje, tehnologii) din engleza si germana
- medical (medicina generala, homeopatie, oftalmologie, ortopedie) din engleza si germana
- diplome si certificate din engleza, germana si rusa.
- subtitrare (subsequent translation)

Tariful este negociabil.

RRDGRN

Resoluciones de la dirección general de los registros y del notariado

În căutarea limbii catalane (I)

Fiind interesat să aflu dacă în România există sau nu traducători autorizaţi pentru limba catalană, m-am gândit să-mi încep căutările cu Ministerul Culturii. După cum se ştie, acest minister organizează de câteva ori pe an, în sesiuni obişnuite şi speciale, examinarea aspiranţilor la atestatul de traducător. Dupa cum se poate constata din anexa 1 şi din anexa 2, nu se organizează examen pentru această limbă. Totuşi, ca să fiu mai sigur decât sunt deja, am redactat un mesaj la adresele de mail indicate pentru relaţiile cu publicul:

Buna ziua,

doresc sa va intreb daca actualmente Ministerul Culturii organizeaza examene pentru testarea competentelor de traducator pentru limba catalana. Mentionez ca am vazut anexa 2, in care aceasta limba nu figureaza. In cazul in care inca nu organizati acest tip de examen, va rog sa-mi spuneti daca ati mai avut solicitari si daca intentionati sa acordati acest tip de atestat in viitorul apropiat.

Toate cele bune,
Radu Iliescu

La care am primit, cu promptitudine, următorul răspuns:

Buna ziua,

Nu am organizat si nici nu vom organiza examene de traducator pentru limba catalana.

O zi frumoasa!

Mihaela Romanic, expert consultant
Centrul de Pregatire Profesionala in Cultura
0788905043
www.examentraducator.ro

După cum era de aşteptat, răspunsul confirmă ceea ce ştiam lecturând site-ul Centrului de Pregătire Profesională în Cultură. Nu există în România, la data la care scriem acest post, o procedură de atestare la Ministerul Culturii pentru limba catalană. Putem fi deja siguri că în România nu există încă traducători pe a căror ştampilă să scrie Catalană. Totuşi, ne vom continua investigaţiile cu încă două etape:
- Ministerul Justiţiei
- Ambasada Spaniei la Bucureşti.

Voi reveni cu textele scrisorilor recomandate trimise acestor instituţii, împreună cu răspunsurile pe care sper să le primesc.

BOE

Boletin Oficial del Estado - Buletinul Oficial al Statului

ITV

Inspeccion Tecnica de Vehiculos - Inspectia Tehnica a Vehiculelor

S/F, C/F

sin freno, con freno - fara frana, cu frana (apare la descrierea sarcinii pe care o poate suporta un carlig de remorca la autovehicule)

Wikipedia - Portalurile juridice

Pentru cei care vor să-şi perfecţioneze cunoştiinţele în ariile semantice juridice ale limbilor din/în care traduc, portalurile juridice oferite de Wikipedia sunt surse de texte de mare valoare. Iată mai jos câteva adrese:

Wikipedia – Law (limba engleză)
Wikipedia – Droit (limba franceză)
Wikipedia – Derecho (limba spaniolă)
Wikipedia – Recht (limba germană)
Wikipedia – Jog (limba maghiară)
Wikipedia – Diritto (limba italiană)
Wikipedia – Direito (limba portugheză)

English Collocations (V) - Intensifying adverbs

In English there are lots of other ways of saying very or very much. For example, we can use words such highly, utterly, bitterly, deeply. These alternatives collocate strongly with specific words, and other combinations often sound unnatural.


A. Highly

+ (un)likely, unusual, successful, competitive, profitable, effective, controversial, recommended

Highly is used with some probability words (likely, unusual). With the exception of highly controversial, it usually combines with very positive words.

It is highly unlikely that I’ll finish my work on time.
Jill’s highly unusual behaviour began to worry her parents.


B. Absolutely, utterly

+ ridiculous, stupid, impossible, wrong, alone, appalled, convinced, devastated, miserable

Absolutely and (slightly more formal) utterly combine with adjectives with very extreme meanings where we can’t use very. For example, we say absolutely/utterly exhausted, not "very exhausted", whereas we say very tired, but not "absolutely/utterly tired". Often, but not always, these words have negative connotations.

It was an absolutely stupid comment to make.
The whole area was utterly devastated after the earthquake.


C. Bitterly

+ dissappointing/dissapointed, resent, criticise, regret, complain, cry, weep

Carries a feeling a deep sadness; used slightly more in writing than in conversation.

I was bitterly disappointed when I failed the exam.


D. Deeply

+ ashamed, concerned, shocked, commited, moved, affected, hurt (of feelings), regret, care, religious, unhappy

Collocates mainly with words associated with feelings; used slightly more in writing than in conversation.

Professor McDellvit was always deeply committed to her students.


E. Ridiculously

+ cheap, expensive, easy, low, high, long, short, small, large, early

Suggests something extreme, which seems unbelievable or unreasonable.

The restaurant was ridiculously expensive. I don’t think we’ll go there again.


F. Strongly

+ oppose, influence, believe, deny, recommend, support, condemn, suggest, feel, argue, object

Collocates with verbs, particularly verbs that relate to having an opinion.

I would strongly recommend that you learn a foreign language.


Exercices

1. Choose an adverb to replace very in each of these expressions.

utterly – strongly – bitterly – ridiculously – highly – deeply

a. very ashamed
b. very cheap
c. very controversial
d. very stupid
e. very successful
f. very disappointing
g. very opposed
h. very ridiculous
i. very easy
j. very concerned


2. Use a collocation from exercice 1. to complete each of these sentences.

a. The flight from London to Rome was ... . It only cost 20 euros.
b. Some people love her new book, others are very angry about it. It is ... .
c. His father was a pacifist all his life and was ... to war.
d. The exam results were ... for the whole class. We had all expected to do much better.
e. When I realise how much my selfish behaviour had upset everyone, I was ... .
f. In the 1990s she ran a(n) .... company which made outstanding profits.
g. Everyone got more than 95% correct in the test; it was ... .
h. You must apologise immediately. It was a(n) ... remark to make.
i. She has always been ... about the environment and would like to work for a conservation agency.
j. That you should even think that I would steal money from you is ... ! You must be crazy!


3. In each of these sets of phrases, one is not a correct collocation. Cross out the incorrect one.

a. strongly recommend – strongly influence – strongly love – strongly dislike
b. highly educated – highly profitable – highly unusual – highly exhausted
c. bitterly regard – bitterly regret – bitterly resent – bitterly criticise
d. absolutely convinced – absolutely tired – absolutely devastated – absolytely absurd
e. deeply unhappy – deeply religious – deeply successful – deeply commited


4. In this short text, the writer has often misused the word strongly. Correct the wrong collocations using adverbs from the box. Use each adverb once only.

bitterly – strictly – deeply – utterly

Everyone was complaining strongly when they heard about the new plan. People were strongly shocked to hear that children would be strongly forbidden to use the sports ground and most people were strongly opposed to the new rules. Even people who normally never expressed an opinion were strongly appalled by the proposals.


Key

1.
a. deeply ashamed
b. ridiculously cheap
c. highly controversial
d. utterly stupid
e. highly successful
f. bitterly dissapointing
g. strongly opposed
h. absolutely ridiculous
i. ridiculously easy
j. deeply concerned


2.
a. The flight from London to Rome was ridiculously cheap. It only cost 20 euros.
b. Some people love her new book, others are very angry about it. It is highly controversial.
c. His father was a pacifist all his life and was strongly opposed to war.
d. The exam results were bitterly dissapointing for the whole class. We had all expected to do much better.
e. When I realise how much my selfish behaviour had upset everyone, I was deeply ashamed.
f. In the 1990s she ran a highly successful company which made outstanding profits.
g. Everyone got more than 95% correct in the test; it was ridiculously easy.
h. You must apologise immediately. It was an utterly stupid remark to make.
i. She has always been deeply concerned about the environment and would like to work for a conservation agency.
j. That you should even think that I would steal money from you is absolutely ridiculous! You must be crazy!


3.
a. strongly love
b. highly exhausted
c. bitterly regard
d. absolutely tired
e. deeply successful

4. Everyone was complaining bitterly when they heard about the new plan. People were deeply shocked to hear that children would be strictly forbidden to use the sports ground and most people were strongly opposed to the new rules. Even people who normally never expressed an opinion were utterly appalled by the proposals.

D.C.E.

Documento de Calificación Empresarial – Document de Calificare Antreprenorială

Damian Diana-Elena (engleza, franceza)

Traducator autorizat de Ministerul Justitiei din 2006.

Am experienta 1 an de zile la un birou de traduceri din Bucuresti, si efectuez traduceri EN-RO, FR-RO, RO-EN, EN-FR, FR-EN, din domeniile comercial, juridic, economic, tehnic.

Tariful meu este de 10 RON/pag 2000 caractere cu spatii.

Tel. 0752 663 008

V B

Visto Bueno - Se aprobă / Aprobare

[apare pe certificate]